Robust PROMETHEE II screening of nutrient recovery technologies for cleaner production in wastewater treatment

Recovering nutrients from wastewater offers a valuable way to produce fertilisers while reducing environmental impacts. A comparison of seven recovery technologies, based on cost, climate benefits and efficiency, highlighted promising options for different needs. Electrochemical struvite recovery performed consistently well across a wide range of scenarios, while air stripping offered a particularly cost-effective solution where concentrated digestate from biogas production was available. The proposed assessment tool helps treatment plants identify suitable technologies, with the final selection guided by local conditions and practical requirements.